Construct validity refers to:

Construct validity is the degree to which a test measures a theoretical construct or concept that it claims to measure. It is essential to understand that construct validity goes beyond merely correlating with other measures; it involves a comprehensive evaluation of how well a test aligns with the underlying theory of the construct.

When establishing construct validity, researchers often investigate whether the test reflects the relevant behaviors or attributes associated with the theoretical concept. This might include looking at how well the test relates to other measures that are theoretically expected to be connected, as well as ensuring that it does not correlate highly with unrelated constructs.

Understanding this aspect is crucial in educational assessments, where it is not enough for a test to be reliable or predictive of success; it must also truly measure the skills, knowledge, or traits it purports to represent. Validity establishes the soundness of inferences made from test scores about student performance or learning outcomes. Therefore, identifying the extent to which a test accurately measures the intended theoretical concept is central to the construct validity concept.