What are stanines produced by norm-referenced tests used to indicate?

Stanines are a method of standardizing scores on norm-referenced tests, representing a range of performance levels for students. They provide a clear indication of where a student’s score falls in relation to a norming group, which is typically represented on a normal distribution curve. By dividing the scores into nine stanines, with the first four falling below the average, the middle one representing average performance, and the last four indicating above-average performance, educators can quickly assess how a student compares to their peers.

The interpretation of stanines allows educators to understand whether a student's performance is below, at, or above the average level of their peers. This helps in identifying students who may need additional support or those who are excelling, which can guide instructional decisions and resource allocation.