What is the aim of differential reinforcement of other behaviors (DRO)?

Differential reinforcement of other behaviors (DRO) aims to provide reinforcement for appropriate behaviors while specifically not reinforcing a targeted inappropriate behavior. In practice, this means that a teacher or practitioner will deliver reinforcement whenever the individual refrains from the targeted undesired behavior for a specific period. This technique effectively encourages the individual to engage in more appropriate behaviors by acknowledging and rewarding those actions instead of the behavior that needs to be reduced or eliminated.

For instance, if a student is frequently disruptive in class, DRO would involve giving them positive reinforcement when they remain quiet or engaged in other acceptable behaviors for certain intervals. This helps to create a positive classroom environment where desired behaviors are supported and encouraged, rather than simply punishing the undesired behaviors. It shifts the focus to fostering a broader range of positive behaviors instead of merely correcting negative ones.