What is the impact of reinforcing students privately rather than publicly?

Reinforcing students privately, rather than publicly, is generally considered to lead to more positive responses and reduced misbehavior because it creates a safe space for individual students to receive feedback. When reinforcement is given privately, it acknowledges the student's specific efforts or positive behavior without putting them on the spot in front of their peers. This helps to build their self-esteem and motivates them to continue that behavior.

In a learning environment, some students may feel anxious or embarrassed by public praise, which can lead them to withdraw or misbehave out of a fear of scrutiny. Private reinforcement helps to avoid this potential discomfort, allowing for a more constructive and supportive feedback process. Students are more likely to perceive the reinforcement as a personal achievement rather than a public display, leading to an increase in positive behavior and engagement in the classroom.

The other options suggest potential outcomes that are less aligned with the established benefits of private reinforcement, such as group cohesion or understanding of expectations, which can often be enhanced through different approaches.