What motivates students to achieve based on external rewards?

The concept of extrinsic motivators directly relates to achieving based on external rewards. This form of motivation arises from factors outside the individual, such as grades, praise, or tangible rewards. When students focus on these external outcomes, they are motivated to perform tasks in order to attain those rewards, which can enhance their engagement and effort in educational settings. This is particularly effective in encouraging certain behaviors and achievements, particularly when students are not inherently interested in the task at hand.

In contrast, intrinsic motivation comes from within the student, driven by personal interest or enjoyment in the learning process itself, rather than by external rewards. Performance approach goals are concerned with demonstrating ability in comparison to others and can sometimes lead to a focus on external validation. Mastery goals emphasize a deep understanding and mastery of material, focusing on personal growth and skill development rather than external rewards.